Foundations of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Perception

– Foundations of dental anesthesia
– What patients actually feel during injections.
 

– Sequence of events during injection:
 

- Needle insertion
- Temperature change
- Chemical irritation at the needle tip
- Pressure and tissue distension
- Central amplification.

– Conceptual mechanisms of anesthesia
– Evolution of dental structures and C- and A-delta fibers
– Evolution and history of dental anesthesia
– Overview of local anesthetic types and formulations.