– Etiological factors of tooth discoloration

– Indications and contraindications for whitening

– Causes of internal tooth staining: imperfect amelogenesis and celiac disease

– Modern lightening techniques:

- Laser bleaching

- Whitening with light

- Over the counter products

- Take home bleaching kits

- Office power bleaching

- Intra-coronal bleaching.

– Overview of the whitening components of toothpastes: abrasives, hydrogen peroxide, surfactants, anti-deposition agents, colorants, enzymes, activated charcoal

– The effectiveness of home bleaching using mouthguards

– Sensitivity of teeth after home whitening: methods of prevention

– Teeth whitening technique for hypersensitivity of teeth

– Carbamide peroxide: properties and mechanism of action

– Instructions for home bleaching

– Bleaching of devital and vital teeth: protocols

– Side effects of bleaching

– The principle of operation of laser bleaching and the cooling mechanism when using a laser

– Comparison of various lasers and their efficiency: KTP laser, erbium lasers

– Overview of the various light sources available for bleaching: laser bleaching vs LED bleaching.

Recommended for: Endodontists, Restorative dentists, General dentists.

Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Treatment Options for Enamel Defects