TMJ alloplastic total replacement

- Surgical indications- Autologous vs alloplastic reconstruction- Stock vs custom made prosthesis- Surgical planning- TMJ prosthesis classification system- TMJ surgery- Postoperative follow-up and management of complications- Case report.

Some patients with end-stage pathology and severe physiologic dysfunction can be indicated for total temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR). The goal of TMJR is to restore the mandibular form and function. Alloplastic TMJR provides a biomechanical solution for the treatment of severe joint disease. There is sufficient evidence to support the fact that alloplastic TMJR leads to increased mouth opening, improved quality of life, decreased pain, and improved essential life functions such as mastication, speech, and deglutition. It is estimated that by the year 2030, there will be almost a 58% increment of TMJR surgeries in the USA. With such an increased need, the temporomandibular joint specialty must understand correctly all the critical steps involved in total temporomandibular joint reconstruction. Current alloplastic systems are mostly composed of Cobalt-Chrome-Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) or Titanium (Ti) condylar components with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) based fossa components. Custom-made TMJJR is emerging nowadays, and the correct knowledge regarding the surgeon`s needs is necessary to achieve good outcomes. In this presentation, we will address important topics regarding the valid address of TMJ prosthesis.